Men's health · Circumcision · Mumbai

Circumcision is not just for children: why so many adult men need it

Tight foreskin, repeated infections, diabetes and skin conditions bring men of every age to the clinic. Here is why adult circumcision is so common, which method suits you, and what recovery really looks like.

In short

Circumcision is common in adult men

Many people think circumcision is a religious ritual or a baby procedure. In everyday Urology practice in Mumbai, many circumcisions are done for adult men, from college students to men in their seventies, and almost always for a medical reason.

Circumcision (खतना, khatna in Hindi) is the surgical removal of the foreskin, the skin that covers the head of the penis. In adults it is a short, planned day-care operation.

Quick answer

Adult men most often need circumcision for a tight foreskin (phimosis), repeated foreskin infections (balanitis), diabetes-related infections, lichen sclerosus, or a foreskin that gets stuck behind the head of the penis. It is done as day-care surgery, by conventional, laser or stapler technique, and most men return to desk work in 2 to 3 days.

2.3×

Higher chance of needing circumcision for men with type 2 diabetes, in a large five-year study.

Same day

Most adults go home a few hours after surgery. No overnight stay is usually needed.

2–3 days

Typical time before returning to desk work. Full healing takes about 3 to 6 weeks.

Why adults need it

6 common reasons for adult circumcision

1

Tight foreskin (phimosis)

The foreskin cannot be pulled back over the head of the penis, or it pulls back only with pain. Men notice ballooning while passing urine, pain or tearing during sex, or difficulty keeping the area clean.

Good to knowA mild tight foreskin can sometimes be treated with a steroid cream first. If it keeps coming back, cracks or scars, circumcision is the usual long-term solution.
2

Repeated infections (balanitis)

Redness, itching, white discharge, a bad smell or soreness under the foreskin that keeps returning despite creams and tablets. Repeated inflammation also makes the foreskin thicker and tighter over time.

3

Diabetes

Sugar in the urine feeds fungal and bacterial infections under the foreskin. Each infection heals with a little scarring, until the foreskin becomes tight and cracked. This is one of the most common reasons men in their 40s, 50s and 60s need circumcision.

The researchA nationwide study of more than 1.3 lakh men aged 30 to 69 found that men with type 2 diabetes were 2.3 times more likely to need circumcision within five years than men without diabetes.
4

Lichen sclerosus (BXO)

A chronic skin condition that turns the foreskin white, stiff and scarred, and can narrow the urine opening. Circumcision removes the affected skin, which usually controls the problem when only the foreskin is involved. The removed tissue is sent for testing.

5

Stuck foreskin and frenulum tears

A foreskin that gets trapped behind the head of the penis and swells (paraphimosis) is an emergency. Men who have had one episode, or who keep tearing the small band of skin underneath (frenulum) during sex, often choose circumcision to stop it happening again.

6

Hygiene, health and personal choice

Some men choose circumcision for easier hygiene, comfort, or religious and cultural reasons. Medical male circumcision also lowers the risk of some sexually transmitted infections; the WHO reports about a 60% lower risk of HIV acquisition in heterosexual men.

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Self-check

Is it time to see a urologist?

Tick anything that applies to you. Two or more ticks is a good reason to get your foreskin checked.

Choosing a method

Conventional, laser or stapler circumcision?

All three remove the foreskin. They differ in how the skin is cut and closed. Your urologist will suggest the right one for your skin, your condition and your budget.

Conventional

Scalpel and stitches

  • The time-tested standard, suitable for almost every case
  • Dissolvable stitches, no removal needed
  • Preferred for heavy scarring or lichen sclerosus
  • Usually the most affordable option
Laser

Laser or energy-device cut

  • The skin is cut with a laser or diathermy device
  • Less bleeding during surgery
  • Stitches are still placed to close the edges
  • Gives an even edge
Stapler

Disposable stapler device

  • Cuts and seals in one step, in a few minutes
  • Usually less bleeding, with a uniform line
  • Staples fall off on their own over 2 to 4 weeks
  • Device adds to the cost
What a trial foundIn a randomised trial of 879 adult men, stapler circumcision took about 7 minutes versus 24 minutes for the conventional method, with less bleeding, less pain and fewer complications (2.7% vs 7.8%). Satisfaction with the result was similar in both groups, and the stapler cost more.
Recovery

Circumcision recovery time, day by day

Every patient heals a little differently, and men with diabetes may take longer. This is what a typical adult recovery looks like.

  1. Day 0Surgery under local or short general anaesthesia. You walk out the same day with a light dressing and pain tablets.
  2. Days 1–3Mild pain and swelling are normal. Wear loose, supportive underwear. Most men return to desk work by day 2 or 3.
  3. Week 1Dressing comes off as advised. Gentle washes keep the area clean. A yellowish film on the wound is normal healing, not pus.
  4. Weeks 2–3Stitches dissolve or staples fall off. Swelling settles. Light exercise can restart.
  5. Weeks 4–6The scar matures. Most men can resume sex and gym work after 4 to 6 weeks, once your doctor confirms the wound has fully healed.
Dr. Anand Utture, urologist in Mumbai
27+ years in Urology
About the author

Dr. Anand Utture

Consultant urologist and andrologist in Mumbai, and Head of Urology at S.L. Raheja Hospital. He treats phimosis, balanitis and lichen sclerosus, and advises on the circumcision technique that suits each patient.

  • MBBS, MS, DNB, MCh (Urology), FICS (USA) · MMC Reg. No. 66401
  • Trained in Mumbai, Sydney, New Zealand and Singapore
  • Andrology and men's health
After surgery

Call your doctor if you notice

  • Bleeding that soaks the dressing or does not stop with gentle pressure
  • Fever, spreading redness or pus with a bad smell
  • Swelling that keeps increasing after day 3
  • Difficulty or inability to pass urine
  • Pain that is not controlled by the prescribed tablets

If you have diabetes, keep your sugar well controlled before and after surgery. It makes a real difference to how quickly the wound heals.

FAQs

Questions men ask about circumcision

Most men go home the same day and return to desk work in 2 to 3 days. The wound usually heals in 2 to 3 weeks, and sex and heavy exercise can resume after about 4 to 6 weeks, once your doctor confirms healing.

Neither is right for everyone. In studies, stapler circumcision is quicker with less bleeding; laser also reduces bleeding during the cut. Conventional surgery is still preferred for heavy scarring or lichen sclerosus. Your urologist will advise based on your skin and condition.

The surgery is done under anaesthesia, so you do not feel pain during it. Afterwards there is mild to moderate soreness for a few days, which is well controlled with tablets.

No. Circumcision does not change the size of the penis. If a tight foreskin or repeated infections were causing pain, removing the foreskin usually relieves that pain once the wound has healed, though results vary from person to person.

The cost depends on the method (conventional, laser or stapler), the hospital and the type of anaesthesia. Circumcision done for a medical reason such as phimosis or balanitis is often covered by health insurance. Your clinic can give you an exact estimate after the consultation.

Circumcision is called खतना (khatna) in Hindi. Medically it means surgical removal of the foreskin of the penis.

Related guides

Tight foreskin or repeated infections?

Discuss your symptoms with a urologist. Dr. Anand Utture consults in Mahim, Bandra and Khar.

Prepared with AI assistance and medically reviewed by Dr. Anand Utture, MCh (Urology). MMC Reg. No. 66401.

This article is for general education and is not a substitute for medical advice. Please consult a qualified doctor for your condition. Sources: BMC Urology 2024 (diabetes study), Braz J Med Biol Res 2015 (stapler trial), WHO.